Washington May 19 2025: Longer-dated Treasury yields rose to the psychological 5% level and S&P 500 Index futures slid with the dollar after a downgrade of the US’s credit score by Moody’s Ratings increased concerns over the nation’s debt.
Moody’s announced Friday evening it was stripping the American government of its top credit rating, dropping the country to Aa1 from Aaa. The company, which trailed rivals, blamed successive presidents and congressional lawmakers for a ballooning budget deficit it said showed little sign of narrowing.
The downgrade risks reinforcing Wall Street’s growing worries over the US sovereign bond market as Capitol Hill debates even more unfunded tax cuts and the economy looks set to slow as President Donald Trump upends long-established commercial partnerships and re-negotiate trade deals.
On Monday, 10-year Treasury yields climbed four basis points to 4.52% and their 30-year equivalents rose six basis points to 5.00%. A move through 5% for the longer-dated benchmark would put levels last seen in 2023 in play — they peaked that year at 5.18%, the highest since 2007.
“A Treasury downgrade is unsurprising amid unrelenting unfunded fiscal largesse that’s only set to accelerate,” said Max Gokhman, deputy chief investment officer at Franklin Templeton Investment Solutions. “Debt servicing costs will continue creeping higher as large investors, both sovereign and institutional, start gradually swapping Treasuries for other safe haven assets. This, unfortunately, can create a dangerous bear steepener spiral for US yields, further downward pressure on the greenback, and reduce the attractiveness of US equities.”
Michael Schumacher and Angelo Manolatos, strategists at Wells Fargo & Co., told clients in a report that they expect “10 year and 30 year Treasury yields to rise another 5-10 basis points in response to the Moody’s downgrade.”
While rising yields typically boost a currency, the debt worries may add to skepticism over the dollar. A Bloomberg index of the greenback is already close to its April lows and sentiment among options traders is the most negative in five years.
In April, US markets across the board came under pressure after Trump’s tariff pledges forced a reappraisal of their place at the core of many investor portfolios. The selloff reversed in parts after the US president paused tariffs on China, but investor focus in the bond market quickly shifted to America’s fiscal trajectory.
“Higher for longer yields will add to the government’s net interest cost and deficits,” wrote Societe Generale strategist Subadra Rajappa in a note to clients. “Over the longer run, the erosion of the safe haven status of Treasuries has implications for the dollar and foreign demand for Treasuries and other US assets.”
S&P 500 futures were down more than 1% as of 7:30 am in London on Monday, while contracts on the Nasdaq 100 fell a little more. On Friday, an exchange-traded fund tracking the US stock benchmark fell about 1% after the close of regular trading in response to Moody’s move.
European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde told La Tribune Dimanche in an interview published on Saturday that the dollar’s recent decline against the euro is counterintuitive but reflects “the uncertainty and loss of confidence in US policies among certain segments of the financial markets.”
Rising Treasury yields would also complicate the government’s ability to cut back by running up its interest payments, while also threatening to weaken the economy by forcing up rates on loans such as mortgages and credit cards.
US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent downplayed concerns over the US’s government debt and the inflationary impact of tariffs, saying the Trump administration is determined to lower federal spending and grow the economy.
Asked about the Moody’s Ratings downgrade of the country’s credit rating Friday during an interview on NBC’s Meet the Press with Kristen Welker, Bessent said, “Moody’s is a lagging indicator — that’s what everyone thinks of credit agencies.”
In a move that may help temper some of the negative market sentiment, President Trump said over the weekend he’ll have a phone call with Russian President Vladimir Putin on Monday morning to discuss how to stop the war in Ukraine.
Moody’s move was anticipated by many given it came when the federal budget deficit is running near $2 trillion a year, or more than 6% of gross domestic product. The US government is also on track to surpass record debt levels set after World War II, reaching 107% of GDP by 2029, the Congressional Budget Office warned in January.
Moody’s said it expects “federal deficits to widen, reaching nearly 9% of GDP by 2035, up from 6.4% in 2024, driven mainly by increased interest payments on debt, rising entitlement spending, and relatively low revenue generation.”
Despite such sums, lawmakers will likely continue work on a massive tax-and-spending bill that’s expected to add trillions to the federal debt over the coming years. The Joint Committee on Taxation had pegged the total cost of the bill at $3.8 trillion over the next decade, though other independent analysts have said it could cost much more if temporary provisions in the bill are extended.
Analysts at Barclays Plc said in a report that they did not expect the Moody’s downgrade to change votes in Congress, trigger forced selling of Treasuries or have much impact on money markets. Treasuries have often rallied after similar actions in the past.
“Credit downgrades of the US government have lost political significance after S&P downgraded the US in 2011, and there were limited, if any, repercussions,” said Michael McLean, Anshul Pradhan and Samuel Earl of Barclays.
Around the same time Moody’s was announcing its decision, the US Treasury was reporting China had reduced its holdings of Treasuries in March. While that may further encourage speculation the world’s second largest economy is lowering its exposure to US debt and the dollar, Brad Setser, a former Treasury official, said on X that the data suggested “a move to reduce duration than any real move out of the dollar.”
Despite the recent trade tensions and worries over fiscal profligacy, the Treasury statistics suggested foreign demand for US government securities remained strong in March, indicating no signs of a revolt against American debt.
Still, the 30-year yield will be on everyone’s mind this week, according to HSBC global head of fixed income research Steven Major.
“The question is what is the path to those yields going back down,” he said on Bloomberg Television. “At the moment you can’t really see it.”
